⒈There should be no obvious scratches, scratches, bruises and other defects on the surface of doors and windows.
⒉There should be no obvious color difference on the colored surface of adjacent bars of doors and windows.
⒊There should be no aluminum chips, burrs, oil spots or other stains on the surface of doors and windows, and there should be no spilled adhesive at the assembly joints.
⑵Types and specifications of aluminum alloy doors and windows
1) Products of aluminum alloy doors and windows
Table 2-71 Product Code of Aluminum Alloy Doors
Product name Casement aluminum alloy window Casement aluminum alloy door Sliding aluminum alloy window Sliding aluminum alloy door
With yarn fan Without yarn fan With yarn fan Without yarn fan With yarn fan Without yarn fan With yarn fan Without yarn fan
Code PLC APLC PLM SPLM TLC ATLC TLM STLM
Note: The content of flush aluminum alloy window is also applicable to sliding axis casement window HPLC, fixed window GLC, top-hung window SLC, bottom-hung window XLC, middle-hung window CLC, and vertical turning window LLC.
2) Specifications and dimensions.
3) The three performance indicators of aluminum alloy doors and windows, namely wind pressure strength, air permeability (air tightness) and rainwater penetration (water tightness), are divided into A (high performance doors and windows), B (medium performance doors and windows), 1 C (low performance doors and windows) ) Three categories. According to the air sound insulation performance, it is divided into four grades, and the ones with 2 sdB are sound insulation doors and windows. According to the thermal insulation performance (heat insulation performance), it is divided into three levels, the second heat transfer resistance value) 0.25m' K/W is thermal insulation doors and windows) The surface film treatment methods of aluminum alloy doors and windows include anodic oxidation and anodic oxidation; composite table Membrane method.
⑶ Product marking rules for aluminum alloy doors and windows: When users choose aluminum alloy doors and windows, first select the appropriate doors and windows according to the size of the room. Specifications and sizes, according to the requirements of use, select the appropriate type of doors and windows. Secondly, determine the various performance requirements of doors and windows according to the use parts of doors and windows (such as inner doors and outer doors). For example, windows and regular doors require certain requirements for heat insulation, sound insulation, water tightness, and air tightness. Finally, the user chooses the appropriate door and window frame color according to his own preferences and the matching with other decorative parts.
Quality standard editing Voice
Take a look at the materials. The thickness, strength and oxide film of aluminum profiles used for high-quality aluminum alloy doors and windows should comply with relevant national standards. The wall thickness of the main force-bearing members of aluminum alloy windows should be above 1.4 mm. The main force-bearing members of aluminum alloy doors The wall thickness should be above 2.0 mm, the tensile strength should reach 157 Newtons per square millimeter, the yield strength should reach 108 Newtons per square millimeter, and the oxide film thickness should reach 10 microns. If the above standards are not met, the doors and windows of inferior aluminum alloy cannot be used.
Second, look at processing. High-quality aluminum alloy doors and windows, fine processing, careful installation, good sealing performance, and easy opening and closing. Inferior aluminum alloy doors and windows, blindly select aluminum profile series and specifications, processing indiscriminately, using sawing instead of milling, not installing as required, poor sealing performance, uncomfortable opening and In strong winds and external forces, it is easy to scrape or knock the sliding parts or glass off, destroying objects and injuring people.
Three look at the price. Under normal circumstances, high-quality aluminum alloy doors and windows are about 30% more expensive than inferior aluminum alloy doors and windows due to high production costs. Some aluminum alloy doors and windows made of aluminum profiles with a wall thickness of only 0.6-0.8 mm have a tensile strength and yield strength that are much lower than the relevant national standards and are very unsafe to use. In addition, there are many self-employed people who process aluminum alloy doors and windows, and they do not understand the structural characteristics and performance of aluminum alloy doors and windows. In order to reduce the cost and cut corners and shoddy materials, the product has a greater hidden danger and is generally not suitable for use. It is best to choose products from regular aluminum alloy doors and windows manufacturers. Here is a special note: the national standard profile thickness is 1.4mm. If the supplier chooses 1.2mm or 1.0mm wall thickness or even thinner materials, they are all substandard products. Please pay attention when purchasing. .
Fourth, look at the material
There are six main aspects for reference in material materials:
⒈Thickness: There are 70 series and 90 series for aluminum alloy sliding doors and windows. 70 series is sufficient for aluminum alloy sliding doors inside the residence. The number of aluminum alloy series indicates the number of millimeters of the thickness of the door frame. Common aluminum sliding windows include 55 series, 60 series, 70 series and 90 series. The selection should be based on the size of the window hole and the local wind pressure. The aluminum alloy sliding window used as a closed balcony should not be less than 70 series.
⒉Strength: The tensile strength should reach 157 Newtons per square millimeter, and the yield strength should reach 108 Newtons per square millimeter. When purchasing, the profile can be bent moderately, and it should be able to recover after letting go.
⒊Chromaticity: The color of the same aluminum alloy profile should be the same. If the color difference is obvious, it is not suitable for purchase.
⒋Flatness: check the surface of the aluminum alloy profile, there should be no depression or bulging.
⒌Glossiness: Avoid buying profiles with obvious defects such as open bubbles (white spots) and slag (black spots), cracks, burrs, and peeling on the surface of aluminum alloy doors and windows.
⒍Oxidation degree: the thickness of the oxide film should reach 10 microns. Swipe lightly on the surface of the profile when purchasing to see if the oxide film on the surface can be wiped off.
Design ideas:
Architectural design of doors and windows
Doors and windows are building units, decorative symbols of the facade effect, and ultimately reflect the characteristics of the building. Although different buildings have different requirements for the design of doors and windows, and the wide variety of doors and windows is ever-changing, some rules can still be found.
⒈The door and window facade division should conform to the aesthetic characteristics, and the following factors should be considered when designing the division
⑴The coordination of the division ratio. For a single glass plate, the aspect ratio should be as close as possible to the golden ratio. It is not suitable to be designed as a square and a narrow rectangle with an aspect ratio of 1:2 or more. The height of the beam is generally 1/4 to 1/5 of the frame height. Big or too small
⑵The facade division of doors and windows must have certain rules, but also reflect changes, and seek regularity in the changes; the division lines are sparse and dense; the equal distance and equal size division shows rigorous, solemn and serious; unequal distance freedom The division shows rhythm, liveliness and movement;
⑶ At least the horizontal grid lines of the same room and the same wall doors and windows should be on the same horizontal line as much as possible, and the vertical lines should be aligned as much as possible;
⑷When designing the facade of doors and windows, the overall effect requirements of the building should be considered, such as the contrast between the virtual and the reality of the building, the effect of light and shadow, and the symmetry.
⒉The color matching of doors and windows (including the color of glass and profile)
The color selection of doors and windows is an important part that affects the final effect of the building. The color of doors and windows must be matched with the characteristics of the building. When determining the color, it must be negotiated with architects, owners and other parties.
⒊Personalized design of doors and windows
According to customers' different hobbies and aesthetic viewpoints, unique door and window facade shapes can be designed.
⒋Permeability of doors and windows
The elevation of the doors and windows is within the sight height range of the main viewing part (about 1.5m～1.8m), it is best not to set horizontal frames and vertical frames, so as not to block the sight. Some doors and windows need to use glass with high light transmittance or require a larger open field of view to facilitate viewing of outdoor scenery.
⒌Lighting and ventilation of doors and windows
The ventilation area of doors and windows and the number of movable fans should meet the requirements of building ventilation; at the same time, the lighting area of doors and windows should also meet the requirements of the "Architectural Lighting Design Standards" (GB/T50033-2001) and the requirements of architectural design drawings. Article 4.2.4 of the "Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings" (GB 50189-2005) stipulates that the ratio of the window-to-wall area of each direction of the external windows of the building shall not be greater than 0.70. When the window-to-wall area ratio is less than 0.40, the visible light transmittance of the glass should not be less than 0.4.
Safety design of doors and windows
⒈Wall thickness requirements of aluminum profiles for doors and windows
The wall thickness of the window aluminum profile conforms to the current national standard high-precision level, and the minimum wall thickness of the stressed member is ≥1.4mm.
⒈The force-bearing members of doors and windows (such as light hooks, center pillars, bright sliding, bright up sliding, bilateral fronts, etc.) of sliding windows must undergo strict compression calculations. When the profile is used as a force member, its profile wall The thickness should be selected by calculation according to the conditions of use. The force-bearing members of aluminum alloy doors and windows shall be determined by tests or calculations.
⒉Safety design of door and window glass
⑴The choice of glass: the thickness of the glass is determined by calculation and should not be less than 5mm. Safety glass (tempered glass or laminated glass) must be used for doors and windows in the following parts of the building:
(A) Open windows outside buildings with 7 floors and above;
(B) Window glass with an area greater than 1.5 square meters;
(C) Floor-to-ceiling windows with the bottom edge of the glass less than 500mm away from the final decoration surface;
(D) Inclined windows with an inclined roof with an angle of less than 75° from the horizontal and a distance of more than 3m from the indoor ground;
(E) Framed glass doors with a glass area greater than 0.5 square meters;
(F) Frameless glass doors should adopt toughened glass with a thickness of not less than 10mm.
⑵The overlap between the glass and the notch and other matching dimensions should meet the requirements of Table 5 and Table 6 in "Aluminum Alloy Window" (GB/T8479).
⑶ The glass and aluminum alloy frame groove should be in flexible contact with rubber gaskets.
⑷The glass should be mechanically edged, and the mesh number of the grinding wheel should be above 180 mesh.
⒊The choice and design of hardware accessories.
⑴ When choosing hardware accessories, try to choose products with guaranteed quality. The quality level of hardware accessories should be consistent with the quality level of doors and windows. The structure and shape of hardware accessories should match the profile, the colors are coordinated and beautiful, the function is correct, and the operation is flexible. , Easy to install.
⑵The installation of hardware accessories should be complete, standardized, reliable and accurate in position. After installation, the doors and windows have beautiful appearance, flexible and convenient opening, without deformation, obstruction and collision.
⑶The exposed fasteners of hardware accessories should be made of stainless steel.
⑷Multi-locking points should be used when closing side-hung doors and windows and large sliding doors and windows, otherwise the air tightness will be greatly reduced under the action of negative pressure. Considering the convenience of operation, it is best to use multi-locking point handles or actuators.
⑸The length of the sliding support of the side-hung window is generally 2/3 of the width of the window sash, if the window sash is lighter, it can be 1/2, and the length of the sliding support of the top-hung window is generally 1/2 of the window sash.
⑹When opening windows outside typhoon areas and high-rise buildings, sliding bracing is recommended for window sashes, and hinges are not used or used less.
⒋The overlap between the sliding door and window sash and the upper and lower frame guide rails should not be less than 10mm, and safety measures such as anti-falling blocks and anti-collision blocks must be installed to prevent the sash from falling and opening and colliding and hurting people.
⒌The height between the lower frame of the movable fan of the glass window on the exterior wall of the building and the indoor floor should not be less than 900mm. Under special circumstances, other protective safety measures (such as adding protective railings, etc.) should be taken if the diameter is less than 900mm.
⒍The screws and bolts used for the connection and fixing of aluminum alloy doors and windows must be made of high-quality stainless steel products to prevent the screws from loosening due to electrochemical corrosion. Stainless steel screws should be made of machine-made threads as much as possible, and self-tapping screws should be avoided as much as possible. The screw connection is best designed in a sheared state.
⒎Doors and windows should be reliably connected and fixed with the wall
The main methods for connecting doors and windows to the wall include steel attachment frame connection, dovetail iron foot welding connection, dovetail iron foot connection with embedded parts, fixed steel sheet nailing connection, and fixed steel sheet metal expansion bolt connection. The thickness of the dovetail iron feet should be ≥3mm. The thickness of the fixed steel sheet is ≥1.5mm, and the width is ≥15mm. The surface of all dovetail iron feet and fixed steel sheets shall be hot-dip galvanized. The distance between the fixed points of the door and window connection is generally between 300mm and 500mm, and cannot be greater than 500mm.
⑴The steel attached frame is suitable for the connection of doors and windows and various walls, with high installation accuracy and reliable connection, but the cost is high.
⑵Dovetail iron foot welding connection method can be adopted for the connection of doors and windows and steel structure, and the connection of dovetail iron foot and steel structure can be adjusted by welding with steel bar or steel angle code.
⑶Dovetail iron feet and embedded parts welding connection method should be adopted for the connection of doors and windows and lightweight walls. The dovetail iron feet and embedded parts should be welded with steel bars or steel angles.
⑷The connection between the doors and windows and the reinforced concrete wall can be connected with fixed steel sheets (or dovetail iron feet) shot nails or metal expansion bolts, etc. When fixed steel sheets are used to connect and fix doors and windows, the gaps between the borders of the doors and windows and the walls should be plugged with cement mortar. Cement mortar plugging can make the outer frame of doors and windows connect with the wall firmly and reliably, and play an important role in reinforcing the frame materials of doors and windows. When the gap is filled with polyurethane foam caulking agent or other flexible materials, the fixed steel sheet should be replaced with dovetail iron feet to ensure the reliability of the connection between the doors and windows and the wall.
⑸The connection between doors and windows and the brick wall can be connected with fixed steel sheet (or dovetail iron foot) metal expansion bolts. It is strictly forbidden to use nails to fix doors and windows on the brick wall. As with reinforced concrete walls, when using fixed steel sheets, the gaps should be plugged with cement mortar. When the gaps are plugged with polyurethane foam caulking agent or other flexible materials, they should be fixed with dovetail iron feet.
Waterproof seal design
⒈Minimum control index for watertight performance of aluminum alloy doors and windows
The lowest watertight performance index of aluminum alloy doors and windows can be taken as follows and not less than 150Pa (that is, the watertight performance of aluminum alloy doors and windows cannot be lower than the level 2 index):
P=k×μz×μs×wo
Where P: Design value of water tightness (Pa);
wo: basic wind pressure (N/㎡);
μz: the coefficient of wind pressure height change;
μs: body shape coefficient, which can be 1.2;
k: coefficient, the value of k is 0.3 in coastal tropical storm and typhoon areas, and 0.25 in other places.
⒉Waterproof design of door and window structure
(1) The principle of equal pressure is actively adopted in the structural design of aluminum alloy doors and windows, which is the most effective way to improve the waterproof and sealing performance of doors and windows.
⑵The overlap between the movable fan and the window frame should not be too small, and the overlap between the movable fan and the window frame of the casement window should not be less than 6mm.
⑶ High-rise buildings, cold areas and areas with higher energy-saving requirements, try to use side-hung doors and windows structure, and use less or no push-pull door and window structure. Because there is a large gap between the sliding door and window movable sash and the upper and lower rails, and the two adjacent sashes are not on the same plane, there is no sealing pressure between the two sashes, and only the tops are used for overlapping and overlapping. There are gaps between the tops, and the sealing effect is very weak, so the waterproof and sealing performance of sliding doors and windows is very poor. There are 2 to 3 sealing rubber strips between the window sash and the window frame of the casement door and window. The sealing rubber strip is tightly pressed after the window sash is closed and locked, and the middle cavity can easily form an isobaric cavity, so it can Design doors and windows with excellent sealing performance.
⑷The aluminum alloy glass pressure line of the door and window installation glass should be designed in the indoor direction to avoid water seepage in the fine gap between the glass pressure line and the window frame.
⑸The sliding door and window of the sliding type should be designed with a sufficiently high baffle on the indoor side, otherwise when the outdoor rain has a certain pressure, the rainwater will pass the baffle and flow into the room.
⑹The upper part of the movable fan of the door and window should be provided with a drape board, and the lower part should be provided with a drainage hole.
⑺ The combined doors and windows minimize the exposed joints, because the small gaps can not be sealed with sealant and cause leakage. When the exposed joints cannot be avoided due to structural reasons, the two contact surfaces of the profiles at the joints form 90°, which is convenient for sealing by injecting sealant.